LoansTable of Contents
Feedback requested
The author would appreciate feedback on whether to expand this section to discuss the variation of principal and interest to attain a fixed recurring payment. It is mentioned in the section on actually creating a loan in KMyMoney but it seems it should be mentioned earlier.
This chapter describes how KMyMoney handles loans. Loan regulations and customs vary from locality to locality. For detailed explanations of loans, as well as information on local regulations and customs, please see other resources.
A loan is an agreement under which a borrower receives money from a lender and agrees to return the money as one or more repayments in the future. KMyMoney allows you to track loans by which you, as borrower, receive money from or, as lender, give money to someone else. Most individuals borrow more than they lend, so you will generally be the borrower and a finance company will generally be the lender. If you lend money to a family member or a friend, you can use KMyMoney to keep track of this loan as well.
This guide will assume that you are borrowing from some sort of finance company, but the topics discussed here apply equally well to loans that you might make to a person. The main difference between borrowing and lending money is that an expense category is used to keep track of interest when borrowing money and an income category is used to keep track of interest when lending money.
Principal. The amount that is borrowed is called the “principal” or “loan amount”.
Term. The period or duration of a loan is called the “term” of the loan. At the end of the term, the entirety of the principal will have been returned to the lender. Terms are generally expressed in weeks, months, or years. A term can also be expressed by the number of payments. For example, a one year loan with weekly repayments could be described as a one year loan or a loan with 52 repayments.
Repayments. The repayment of the principal to the lender is generally not done as a lump sum. Instead, a series of repayments are made, each representing a portion of the principal. Such repayments are sometimes known as “amortization payments” and in KMyMoney “Amortization” is defined as the act of paying off a loan in installments.
Payment Frequency. The frequency of installments is referred to as “Payment Frequency”. Examples of this might be weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly. This is also sometimes referred to as the payment period. In the US, periodic payments are most commonly made every month, therefore the loan's period is one month.
Interest Rate. For the privilege of being able to use the money, the borrower will pay the lender a fee called the “interest”, normally expressed as a percentage of the amount of the principal over a defined period. Interest rates can be fixed, where the interest rate does not change over the lifetime of the loan, or variable, where the interest rate can change over time. Typically, interest payments are included with each periodic repayment.
Note that a loan in KMyMoney must have an interest rate greater than 0. Money borrowed or lent with no interest must be entered as a liability or asset account.
Periodic Repayments. Since repayments are generally made on some sort of scheduled basis, such as weekly, monthly, quarterly, or yearly, they are referred to as “periodic repayments”. The sum of all periodic repayments plus the final repayment will add up to the loan principal plus the interest.
Fees. There may be other fees besides interest that are required to be paid, possibly with every installment. These are called “recurring fees”. Examples of recurring fees include (but are not necessarily limited to):
“Impound” or “escrow” account payments. Payments of this sort are commonly used to hold funds to pay annual or bi-annual property taxes.
Mortgage insurance
Disability insurance
Loan account maintenance fees
In summary, the borrower receives a lump sum from the lender at the start of the loan. The borrower makes a periodic payment to the lender. The amount of the periodic payment is the sum of the principal payment (which is used to pay down the balance or remaining principal of the loan,) the interest payment (which rewards the lender for allowing the use of the money by the borrower,) plus any recurring fees (which cover any incidentals.) At the end of the loan, the borrower has paid back the entire principal.